Vitamins for kids

Vitamins are a powerful weapon that is always used by almost all parents in order to maintain and increase the child's immune system. Especially if the weather is not friendly, which makes children vulnerable to contracting diseases. The supplements or vitamins chosen also have various forms, ranging from capsules, syrups, or tablets with a sweet taste that are very popular with children. 

 Immunomodulators, how this supplement is often called by health experts, works by improving the function of immunity in the body by stimulating the work of this immunity. The stimulation is given from the ingredients contained in the supplement. 

The dangers of giving supplements to children arbitrarily

 Unlike ordinary vitamins, immunomodulators are not recommended for long-term consumption. The impact of this children's supplement will respond to excessive body immunity, which can cause allergies and hypersensitivity in children. This is why parents are advised to only provide supplements if the child has immune problems, such as long-term coughing, frequent colds and flu, so that they are prone to infection. This does not mean that supplements should not be given to healthy children. It's okay, as long as it's not for a long or prolonged period.

Also read: Why does your little one need to take a nap?

Instead of giving vitamins or supplements for a long time, a nutritionist who is also a herbalist, Jennifer Crain said, providing nutritious food and meeting children's daily nutritional intake is much better and recommended. We recommend that you avoid giving supplements when the child is in good health.

Also in a study published in the journal Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine wrote that the majority of children and adolescents in the United States who take supplements every day actually do not need this intake. On the other hand, children who need supplement intake cannot get it for various reasons, one of which is the low economy.

Immune involvement in breast cancer

Breast cancer develops in a complex microenvironment comprising several benign cell types and the extracellular matrix (which provides mechanical support for the tumour and enables cellular interaction in a paracrine fashion). The most abundant cell type is cancer-associated fibroblasts, but the breast cancer microenvironment also contains cells of leukocyte lineage (including lymphocytes, macrophages and myeloid-derived stromal cells), most of which are involved in the immune response.

Immunogenicity of breast cancer varies between the molecular subtypes, being highest in TNBC and HER2-positive tumours and lower in luminal A and luminal B subtypes. Moreover, the response to neoadjuvant treatment and the prognosis of breast cancer are positively influenced by the amount of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, which reflects the intensity of the immune response within the tumour bed.

The immune microenvironment influences the development and progression of breast cancer according to immune surveillance and immune editing principles. In the early phase of carcinogenesis, the immune microenvironment exerts mostly anti-tumour action, via the cytokine milieu derived from activated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. By contrast, once a tumour becomes invasive, the microenvironment cell composition, including cancer-associated fibroblasts and cytokine content, are tumour-promoting, ‘hacked’ by breast cancer cells.

Management of early breast cancer

Management of early breast cancer is based on tumour burden and subtype. All patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease receive adjuvant endocrine therapy after surgery. If patients are at high risk of recurrence (for example, owing to high-risk gene expression signature results with 0–3 involved lymph nodes, involvement of ≥4 lymph nodes or a >10% risk of breast cancer-specific mortality at 10 years), chemotherapy needs to be recommended as well.

Management of early breast cancer In triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer, neoadjuvant subtype-specific systemic therapy is standard, followed by surgery. In the case that pathological complete response (pCR) is not achieved, systemic therapy can be escalated. Bisphosphonates are an additional adjuvant therapy option for all postmenopausal patients and premenopausal patients receiving ovarian suppression; they also conserve bone density. If indicated, radiation therapy can be administered after surgery.

The Management of early breast cancer takes evidence-based registered therapy options into account. Availability and reimbursement of individual diagnostic or therapeutic options may differ regionally and require adjustments of the treatment concepts outlined here. −, negative; +, positive; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; HR, hormone receptor; p, pathological; PR, progesterone receptor; N, node status; T, tumour grade; T-DM1, ado-trastuzumab emtansine. a One study showed a benefit with 15 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy.

The management of early breast cancer typically involves a combination of treatments aimed at removing or destroying the cancer while preserving as much of the breast as possible. The specific treatment plan may vary based on factors such as the stage of cancer, the type of breast cancer, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences. Here is an overview of the key components of the management of early breast cancer:

1. **Surgery:**

   - **Breast-Conserving Surgery (Lumpectomy):** This involves the removal of the tumor and a small amount of surrounding healthy tissue. It is often followed by radiation therapy.

   - **Mastectomy:** This procedure removes the entire breast. In some cases, a double mastectomy (removal of both breasts) may be recommended, depending on the patient's risk factors.

   - **Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy:** To determine if cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, the surgeon may remove one or a few sentinel lymph nodes for examination.

2. **Radiation Therapy:**

   - Radiation therapy is often recommended after breast-conserving surgery to target any remaining cancer cells in the breast.

   - In some cases, radiation therapy may be recommended after mastectomy, especially if there is a high risk of cancer recurrence.

3. **Chemotherapy:**

   - Chemotherapy may be recommended depending on the tumor size, stage, hormone receptor status, and other factors.

   - It can be administered before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) to shrink tumors, making surgery more effective, or after surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy) to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.

4. **Hormone Therapy:**

   - Hormone therapy is used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancers.

   - Medications like tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors are often prescribed to block the effects of estrogen on breast cancer cells.

5. **Targeted Therapy:**

   - Targeted therapies, such as Herceptin (trastuzumab), are used for HER2-positive breast cancers. These drugs target specific molecules involved in cancer growth.

6. **Immunotherapy:**

   - Some early breast cancer patients may be eligible for immunotherapy as part of clinical trials or based on specific molecular characteristics of the tumor.

7. **Lifestyle and Supportive Care:**

   - A healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management, can help support overall well-being during treatment.

   - Psychological support, such as counseling or support groups, can help patients cope with the emotional and psychological challenges of a cancer diagnosis and treatment.

8. **Follow-Up and Monitoring:**

   - After treatment, patients are typically monitored closely with regular check-ups, mammograms, and other imaging tests to detect any signs of recurrence.

   - Long-term hormone therapy or other medications may be prescribed based on the patient's risk profile.

9. **Breast Reconstruction:**

   - For patients who undergo mastectomy, breast reconstruction surgery may be an option to restore the appearance of the breast.

It's important to note that the treatment plan for early breast cancer is highly individualized. Patients should have detailed discussions with their healthcare team to understand their specific diagnosis, treatment options, potential side effects, and expected outcomes. Second opinions can also be valuable in making informed decisions about treatment.

Early detection through regular breast self-exams, clinical breast exams, and mammograms is essential for increasing the chances of successful treatment and improving long-term survival rates for breast cancer.

Alcohol and heart health

Just like smoking, consuming alcoholic drinks will have a negative impact on your health. This drink will change the performance of the brain and reflexes in the body, as well as trigger obesity and addiction.

However, in relation to the heart, alcohol can be bad if consumed in excess. So, how does alcohol affect the heart and liver? Here is the review.

Effect of Alcohol on Heart Health

Steven Nissen, MD, chairman of the Cleveland Clinic Ohio cardiovascular section, said there is actually no accurate data that shows the effect of alcohol on the heart specifically. This is because studies conducted are often observational, not specifically looking at the relationship between alcohol and the heart.

Also Read: Alcohol Consumption Increases Breast Cancer Risk

Even so, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic cardiomyopathy, which is often referred to as a weakened heart. In addition, alcohol triggers ventricular tachycardia or an irregular heartbeat. The American Heart Association states, alcohol also triggers an increase in atrial fibrillation or disturbances in heart rhythm.

Alcohol is a compound with very strong properties, so it can do various things in your body. This compound also turns out to have good properties, of course, if consumed in reasonable amounts. Some of the good benefits of alcohol for the body are increasing good cholesterol or LDL, reducing the risk of blood clots by acting as a coagulant, also minimizing inflammation that triggers strokes and heart attacks.

fiber for heart health

Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in promoting heart health and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. It offers several benefits that contribute to overall cardiovascular well-being. Here's how fiber can positively impact heart health:

1. **Lowering Cholesterol Levels:** Soluble fiber, found in foods like oats, beans, lentils, and fruits, can help reduce LDL cholesterol levels (often referred to as "bad" cholesterol). Soluble fiber binds to cholesterol particles in the digestive tract, preventing their absorption into the bloodstream and facilitating their removal from the body. By lowering LDL cholesterol, soluble fiber reduces the risk of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and coronary heart disease.

2. **Regulating Blood Pressure:** A diet rich in fiber, particularly from fruits and vegetables, is associated with lower blood pressure. High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for heart disease and stroke. The potassium content in many high-fiber foods also contributes to blood pressure regulation.

3. **Improving Blood Sugar Control:** High-fiber foods, such as whole grains and legumes, help regulate blood sugar levels by slowing the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing diabetes. Stable blood sugar levels reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.

4. **Weight Management:** Fiber-rich foods are often lower in calories and provide a feeling of fullness, which can aid in weight management and obesity prevention. Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for heart health, as excess body fat is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

5. **Reducing Inflammation:** Chronic inflammation is a contributing factor to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular conditions. Some types of fiber, such as antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables, can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the body.

6. **Promoting Gut Health:** A healthy gut microbiome is linked to heart health. Fiber acts as a prebiotic, nourishing beneficial gut bacteria. These bacteria can produce compounds that have a positive impact on heart health, such as short-chain fatty acids, which may help reduce inflammation and improve blood vessel function.

7. **Preventing Overeating:** Foods high in fiber tend to be more filling, which can prevent overeating and promote portion control. By reducing the consumption of high-calorie, unhealthy foods, a high-fiber diet supports overall heart health.

To incorporate more fiber into your diet for heart health:

- **Choose Whole Grains:** Opt for whole grains like brown rice, quinoa, whole wheat, and oats over refined grains.

- **Eat Plenty of Fruits and Vegetables:** Aim to fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables, which are excellent sources of fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants.

- **Include Legumes:** Beans, lentils, chickpeas, and other legumes are rich in both soluble and insoluble fiber.

- **Snack on Nuts and Seeds:** Almonds, chia seeds, and flaxseeds are high-fiber snacks that can benefit heart health.

- **Read Food Labels:** Pay attention to nutrition labels and choose products with higher fiber content.

- **Stay Hydrated:** Drinking plenty of water helps fiber do its job in the digestive tract, preventing constipation.

While increasing fiber intake is generally beneficial for heart health, it's essential to make dietary changes gradually and drink enough water to prevent digestive discomfort. Additionally, maintaining an overall healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity and avoiding smoking, is essential for reducing the risk of heart disease. If you have specific dietary concerns or medical conditions, consult a healthcare provider or registered dietitian for personalized guidance on incorporating fiber into your diet.

Coronaryheart disease (CHD) is one cause of death in the world, including Indonesia. Increasing the number of deaths is influenced by changes in lifestyle. High-fiber diet helps prevent the deadly attacks.

Everyone is afraid of having a heart attack that could end in sudden death. Citing a report, in a seminar about the heart, Dr. Idris Idham, Sp.JP, FESC, said that more than one million people in the United States have heart attacks each year.

Half of them suffered death in the first hours after the attack. The other half managed to reach the hospital to get help and was treated in the Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) or also called Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (Cardio Vascular Care Unit).

The mortality rate of patients admitted to hospital could reach about 15 percent, usually due to death (necrose) extensive heart muscle. Approximately 425 000 patients admitted to leaving the hospital, but approximately 10 percent (42 000 persons) of that amount has died after a year later.

According to Dr. Idris, a heart attack occurs when there is death of heart muscle caused by interruption of blood supply to the heart muscle. The incident was caused by blockage of one or more coronary arteries by blood clots. This blood clot called a thrombus. Coronary artery blockage caused another heart muscles do not get a blood supply with all the nutrients present in it, such as glucose, vitamins, and minerals, hormones and electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

Even so, you need not worry. To reduce the risk of disruption at the top, efforts can be made. The point is to always keep blood cholesterol levels can be a source of blockage of the coronary arteries, not high. Apart from using vitamin B3 (niacin), C and E, the effort can also be performed with high-fiber diet.

Fiber Benefits
First fiber is considered as The Forgotten nutrient because its function is unclear. However, as one component of food, fiber is now known to have an important role in maintaining health.

Fiber consists of two types, namely soluble and insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber can not be digested by digestive enzymes, but soluble in hot water. Soluble fiber is what makes the stomach full longer and provide energy longer and also beneficial in lowering blood cholesterol levels. Commonly found in fruits and vegetables, especially serelia such as oats.

Insoluble fiber can not be digested and does not dissolve in hot water. Although can not be digested, says DR. Ali Khomsan, fibers have metabolic functions of essential nutrients. In the digestive tract, fiber helps food juice fermentation process. Fiber is beneficial to prevent constipation and is gentle to avoid the risk of colon and stomach cancer. This fiber contained in vegetables such as asparagus, peas, and serelia like oats.

Because it is not digested, fiber into the colon (large intestine) in one piece. Fiber reaches the colon in large volumes and require big place, causing a feeling of satiety. Therefore, the presence of fibers in the stomach and digestive tract will reduce the desire for someone to eat more, thereby preventing the occurrence of obesity risk.

According to Dr. Lanny Lestiani, Sp.G (K), MSc., A nutritionist from the Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia (Faculty of medicine), high-fiber diet helps lower cholesterol in the blood. Fibers useful in holding water and the viscosity in the digestive tract, will be converted into a gel in the intestine. The aim is to hold water so that people do not easily hungry.

Cooking Vegetables
DR. Ali Khomsan added fiber sources like vegetables and fruits easily be found in the daily menu. Vegetables can be consumed in raw form or after processing by boiling. Even so, the results of a student of Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Rahayu, 1990, showed that dietary fiber in cooked vegetables actually increased compared with raw vegetables.

How could it be? The process of cooking it would eliminate some nutrients. In addition, the cooking process also causes a reaction in pencokelatan counted as a nutrient analysis of dietary fiber. This is what causes the cooked vegetables had a higher fiber content. In his research, Rahayu found that vegetables are boiled with water to produce the highest dietary fiber content (6.40 percent), steamed (6.24 percent), cooked with coconut milk (5.98 percent), and raw (5.97 percent).

In general, the fiber content reaches 32 percent in vegetables, fruits, 38 percent, wheat 32 percent and 25 percent peanuts. Said Dr. Lanny, the need for an Indonesian fiber is 10-14 gr/1.000 calories.

Oat Fibre
It is undeniable, Indonesia is now flooded with oat products, often called oatmeal, signed in serelia family. Compared to each 100 gram of rice contains 0.1 grams of soluble fiber and wheat, which is only 2.2 grams, per 100 grams of oat soluble fiber containing 5.1 grams. High in fiber makes oats deserve to be used as a choice for high-fiber diet.

As an illustration, a soluble fiber in the body can bind cholesterol and remove it from the body. Roles that can lower cholesterol levels in the blood, to reduce the risk of CHD. People who are obese can also combine oats with low cholesterol and fatty foods. Oats can be used in the form of oatmeal, biscuits, and bread.

How do oats reduce cholesterol levels in the blood? Here are brief descriptions:

1. In the liver, cholesterol is converted into bile acids, and then released into the small intestine to help digest fats from food consumed.

2. When mengasup oatmeal, oat soluble fiber in the intestine to form gels that bind fat, cholesterol, and bile acids.

3. Because bound by soluble oat fiber in the form of gels, some bile acids can not be absorbed back through the wall of the intestine, bile acids and then excreted through the large intestine, so that bile acids in the liver is reduced.

4. To replace the lost bile acids, the liver will pull cholesterol from the blood to produce bile acids.

5th. As a result, total blood cholesterol level will decrease.

6. With decreasing levels of blood cholesterol, the risk of CHD can be prevented.

liver or heart

The heart is the sole organ in the body that most large and complex. With a weight of about 2 kg, the liver has an important task is complicated by the continuity of all functions of the body. These functions are grouped into three categories:

1. Regulation
Liver function regulate blood composition, particularly the amount of sugar, protein, and fat entering the blood circulation. The liver also remove bilirubin from the blood to be excreted in the feces.

2. Metabolism
Almost all nutrients are absorbed through the gut processed in the liver. Moreover, to change the substance of food into a form that can be used by the body, the liver also functions as a storage of other nutrients, like vitamin A. Also produced in the liver of cholesterol, blood clots, as well as specific proteins and bile.

3. Detoxification
Be an organ that detoxifies blood. Liver separate drugs and chemicals or metabolites that potentially damaging of the blood flow and change, so can be issued to the bile and eventually through feces.

obesity vs vegetable and your body (2)

Gado-gado or salad
You can put whatever vegetables you like into the salad, like lettuce, tomatoes, corn, peppers, carrots, onions and others. Besides vegetables,

Why is it necessary to eat vegetables?
There are three processes that occur in the body, namely combustion (power), construction (growth) and settings. To get the energy, the body requires carbohydrate, fat and protein. Meanwhile, to grow and develop necessary protein and water. And to arrange for all these processes occur must have vitamins and minerals derived from vegetables and fruits. "That is why the vegetables are very important for the body, because there are certain substances that can only be obtained through the vegetables. The meat also contained vitamins and minerals, but the number was only a little," says Leane.

Eat plenty of vegetables and fruits is also an ideal way to lose weight naturally. Besides low calories and low in fat, fiber in vegetables can satiate the stomach. Vegetables also make work a better intestinal peristalsis, thereby facilitating defecation.

Serve with a draw
How interesting presentation and processing can help you get rid of a sense of reluctance to eat vegetables. No need to consume a raw vegetable or put a whole pile of vegetables in your dinner plate. Try to make it more delicious cooked into soups, pizza, pie or lasagna. With cut into smaller sizes or mixed with other foodstuffs, vegetables will be more nice views. Moreover, when eating soup, you will not feel the flavor and aroma of each vegetable. Or as in pastel or lasagna, you do not have to look straight vegetable because the dough is wrapped closed.

Allow plus fruit
A lot of nutrition in the vegetables was also found in fruit. So you could replace the nutritional deficiencies of these vegetables with fruits. But that does not mean avoiding vegetables altogether. There are nutrients and compounds in vegetables that can not be easily obtained elsewhere. "The fruit contains more vitamins, but less fiber and minerals," says Leane. But you could combine fruits with vegetables. Drink a glass of juice in the morning and another one in the afternoon or evening can be a sizable business. But because the number of fibers lost in the processing of juice, so not a good idea if only rely on juice alone. And do not forget, pay attention to the variations in type and color of the fruit that you eat. Each type and color has its own advantages.